gracefully* [....reisfulli ] adv.得体地
graciousness * [....rei....snis] n.亲切，殷勤
haste* [ heist ] n.①急速；仓促②草率
[ 同义] ①quickness②hurry
[ 考点] in haste 匆忙地
make haste 赶快，加紧
with/without haste 匆忙的/不慌不忙的
[ 例句] 1 ) More haste，less speed.
2 ) He went off in great haste.
[ 辨析] haste；hurry
haste 指人们因时间紧迫或某种压力而作出的经常是未经仔细考虑的快速行动；hurry 较通俗，含有混乱、不安和喧闹的意思，也可以指人们急切的心理状态。固定搭配： in a hurry 匆忙地；in no hurry 不急于。
hostess* [..h..ustis ] n.女主人
inadequate* [ in.... dikw..t ] ad j.①不适当的② 不够，不充分
[ 同义] ②incompetent，unqualified，insufficient
[ 反义] adequate，s ufficient，qualified
inevitable* [ in..evit..bl] adj./n.不可避免的(事)
involve* [ in..v..lv] v.①使卷入；使参与；牵涉②包含；意味着③使专心；使热衷于
[ 同义] ①par ticipate②include③absorb，engage
[ 考点] be/get involved in (doing) sth.被卷入be/become/get involved with 和.混在一起
[ 例句] 1 ) I was involved in a research project.
2 ) The police inspector was involved with the Ma - fia (黑手党).
landing [..l .. ndi..] n.楼梯过渡的平台
literally * [..lit..r..li] adv.字面上地
mission* [..mi....n] n.①任务；使命②代表团；使团
[ 同义] ①task②delegation
[ 考点] accomplish/complete one’s mission 完成任务
carry out/perform a mis sion 执行任务
fly a bombing mission 执行轰炸任务
on business mis sion 因公出差
[ 例句] 1 ) The dilegation completed its mis sion successfully.
2 ) They went on a goodwill mis sion to Asia.
modest* [..m..dist ] ad j.①谦虚的②有节制的；适中的
modesty * [..m..disti ] n.谦逊，客气
modify [..m..difai] v.修改；更改
[ 考点] modify a plan/design 修改计划/设计
[ 例句] The indust rial revolution modified the whole st ructure of English society.
naughty [..n....ti] adj.玩皮的；淘气的
negotiation* [ ni......u..i..ei....n] n.(常用复) 谈判；洽谈
[ 同义] bargaining，tack
[ 考点] break off/ca rry on/cease/conduct/te rminate negotiations 中断/继续/停止/举行/结束谈判
comme rcial/diplomatic/peace negotia tions 商务/外交/和平谈判
[ 例句] 1 ) They were obviously prepa ring to break off negotiations.
2 ) Commercial negotiations are still going on.
one upmanship [..w..n....pm..n..ip] n.胜人一筹的本领
parting [..p....ti..] n.分别；离别
phrase* [ fr eiz ] n.词组
polar * [..p..ul..] ad j.截然不同的
politeness * [ p....laitnis ] n.礼貌
proposal * [ pr..u..p..uz..l ] n.①提议；建议②计划；提案
[ 反义] ①suggestion，offer② proposition，plan
[ 考点] make/present/put forwa rd a proposal 提出一项提案
decline/refuse/kill a proposal 否决一项提案a pape r proposal 未实施的计划
[ 例句] 1 ) The two governments made a proposal for ending hostilities (战争).
2 ) The committee r ejected the proposal to r educe taxes.
[ 辨析] proposal；proposition
proposal 常用词，指不管用何种陈述方式所提出的建议、计划；proposition 指以明确而具体的措词提出的建议，如： The Council approved the idea，but not the proposition (具体建议) set for th.
protest [..pr..utest ] n.抗议；异议；反对
[ 同义] objection，disapproval，complaint
[ 考点] cause/dismis s/voice a protest 引起/驳回/发表抗议
unde r protest 极不情愿地，被迫地
without protest 心平气和地，无异议地
[ 例句] 1) We voiced a st rong protest to the ministe r about the building of the new airpor t.
2) He paid without any protest.
refusal * [ r i..fju..z..l ] n.拒绝；回绝
[ 同义] denial，r ejection
[ 反义] acceptance
[ 考点] get/meet with/r eceive a r efusal 遭到拒绝
make a r efusal 拒绝
refusal to 对.的拒绝
take no refusal/not to take a r efusal 不容推辞
[ 例句] 1 ) My offer met with a cold refusal.
2 ) His pigheaded refusal to accept facts makes discus sion impossible.
respond* [ ri..sp..nd] v.①反应；回应②回答③ (药物) 有效
[ 同义] ①react②answer，reply
[ 考点] respond to.with/by.对.报以.
respond to 有反应，起作用
respond willingly 欣然响应
[ 例句] 1 ) They responded to the new proposals by walking out.
2 ) Nerves respond to a stimulus.
signal * [..si..n..l ] n.信号；暗号v.(向. ) 发暗号
[ 同义] sign
[ 考点] flash/give/make/send a signal 发信号
a signal (for sb .) to do sth.(某人) 做某事的信号
pick up a signal 偶然收到的信号
a poor/good TV signal 不良/良好的电视信号
[ 例句] 1 ) He raised his arm as a signal for us to stop.
2 ) He gave the signal to advance.
slip* [ slip] v.滑跤；滑落；溜走；被遗忘
[ 同义] slide，steal
[ 考点] slip in/out 溜走/悄悄走进去
slip into 陷入(某状态)
slip on/into 迅速穿上
slip off/out of 迅速脱下
let slip 无意中说出
[ 例句] 1 ) Gr andma slipped and hur t her leg.
2 ) He slipped his clothes off and jumped into the lake.
3 ) She let slip that she had not paid her tax.
straightforwardness* [..str eit..f....w..dnis ] n.坦白，率直
surpass * [ s....p....s ] v.①超过②优于，胜过
[ 同义] ①exceed②outdo
[ 考点] surpass sb.in skill 在技术方面优胜于某人
[ 例句] 1 ) She surpas ses her sister in a rithmetic.
2 ) He surpassed all his rivals.
textbook * [..tekstbuk] n.教科书
call for 需要
[ 例句] Your design will call for a lot of money.
go against 违背，反对
[ 例句] Don’t go against your pa rents’ wishes.
hold true 适用，有效
[ 例句] The advice will hold t rue throughout your life.
insist on 坚持或坚决要求
[ 例句] I insist on your being ther e.
many a 许多
[ 例句] Many a st rong man has weakened before such a challenge.
pick up ① (尤指容易地) 学会② (用仪器) 侦得③恢复；重获
[ 例句] 1 ) Whe re did you pick up English？
2 ) Enemy planes picked up us by searchlights.
3 ) You’ll soon pick up health when you get to the seashor e.
send somebody off 为某人辞行
[ 例句] All the people in the buildings came to send me off.
slip into 渐渐进入
[ 例句] It amazed him how easily one could slip into a routine.
smooth over 缓和；减轻
[ 例句] I t will be difficult for you to smooth over your
diffe rences afte r so many year s.
with regard to 关于；至于
[ 例句] With rega rd to future oil supplies，the situa tion is uncer tain.
Part Two After Class Reading
Passage Ⅰ Dining Customs in America
词汇精解
apt * [.. pt ] adj.易于.的；有.倾向的
[ 同义] likely
[ 反义] inapt
[ 考点] be apt at 善于，擅长于
be apt for 适于
[ 例句] 1 ) She is apt at languages.
2 ) The ground is apt for the plow.
[ 辨析] apt；likely
两词均指“有.可能的”，但apt 强调天生的或习
惯性的趋向，如He is apt to lose his temper in difficult situa tions；likely 则强调从客观上讲某事有可能发生，如When he finds out what you said，he is likely to loose temper (他得知你所讲的话以后可能会发火)。
candy* [..k .. ndi] n.糖；糖块
celery* [..sel..r i] n.芹菜
cob [ k..b] n.玉米棒子
contrary * [..k..nt r..ri] adj.相对的；相反的n.反面
[ 同义] ad j.①opposite② different n.①r eve rse②conve rse
[ 考点] cont ra ry to 相反的，违反
by contr ary 相反地，与预期的相反
on the cont ra ry 正相反
to the cont ra ry 相反的，相反地
[ 例句] 1 ) Cont ra ry to popular belief，the deser t can produce c rops.
2 ) Many things in our lives go by cont rar ies.
courteous [..k....tj..s ] ad j.谦恭的；有礼貌的
[ 同义] civil，polite
[ 反义] discourteous
customary* [..k..st..m..ri] a.习惯上的；惯常的
disappointed* [..dis....p..intid] a.失望的
embarrassment* [ im..b .. r..sm..nt ] n.①窘迫；难堪②使人
为难的人(或事物)
[ 同义] ①shame，uneasiness
[ 考点] cause/ease sb. ’s embarrassment 使某人感到难堪
to sb. ’s embarr as sment 使某人感到难堪的是.
embarrassment about/at/over 因.而引起的窘迫
[ 例句] 1 ) My financial problem caused me embarr as sment.
2) To my embarrassment，she accepted the invitation.
equali ty * [ i..kw..liti ] n.平等；同等
[ 考点] achieve/a ttain equality 实现平等
racial/r eligious/economic/political/sexual equality 种族/宗教/经济/政治/男女平等
[ 例句] 1 ) Men and women must achieve total equality.
2 ) Throughout his life he continued to push for ra - cial equality in the milita ry.
favor* [..feiv..] n.①好感；喜爱②支持；赞同③恩惠；帮助v.①赞同②偏爱
[ 同义] n.①kindness，cour tesy②approval，suppor t v.①suppor t，approve②like
[ 考点] in favor of 支持，赞成
in one’s favor 对某人有利
in favor 得宠
far from favor (with) 失宠
out of favor 失宠，不受欢迎
[ 例句] 1 ) They wer e in favor of fr ee tr ade.
2 ) The exchange ra te is not in our favor.
intend* [ in..tend] v.想要；打算；计划
[ 同义] mean，design
[ 考点] intend to do/doing sth.打算做
be intended as 把某物当作