书城政治超越均势:冷战后的美国南亚安全战略
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第14章 均势:冷战时期的美国南亚安全战略(6)

[26]FRUS,1952—1954,Vol.IX,pp.1094-1095.National Security Council Document 5409,“United States Policy To ward South Asia”,February 19,1954.

[27]M.S.Venkataramani,The American Role in Pakistan:1947—1958,New Delhi:Radiant Publishers,1982,p.94.

[28]1959年5月4—5日,印度经济发展委员会在华盛顿组织了一次“印美会议”(The Conference on India and the United States),88位印度和美国专家与724名商界、政界和学术界的领导者一起讨论印度问题。当时的副总统尼克松(Richard Nixon)和参议员肯尼迪(John Kennedy)参加了会议。关于这次会议的情况可参阅:Selig Harrion,ed.,India and the United States,New Youk:Mac Millan,1961.

[29]FRUS,1955—1957,Vol.VIII,p.36.“Statement of Policy toward South Asia,N SC 5701”,January 10,1957.

[30]Dennis Kux,India and the United States:Estranged Democracies 1941—1991,Washington,D.C.:National Defense University Press,1992,pp.172-173.

[31]Jane S.Wilson,“The Kennedy Administration and India”,in Harold A.Gould,Sumit Ganguly,eds.,The Hope and the Reality:US‐India Relations from Roosevelt to Reagan,Boulder:West view Press,1992,p.43.

[32]肯尼迪在1957年10月的《外交事务》(Foreign Affairs)杂志上发表“一个民主党人看外交政策”(A Democrat Looks at Foreign Policy)的文章,严厉批评杜勒斯与第三世界国家的军事协定,支持与“未作出承诺的世界”(uncommitted world)的国家发展合作关系,主张推动对印度的经济援助。作为参议员,他于1957年发起成立“美印会议”,又与另一位参议员John Sherman Cooper一起提出向印度增加援助的提案,1958年和1959年分别在参议院和众议院通过。肯尼迪还对尼赫鲁在印度争取独立中的领导作用表示极大的尊敬。

[33]加上Robert Komer,中央情报局官员,在肯尼迪政府国家安全委员会中负责发展中世界事务。

[34]Dennis Kux,India and the United States:Estranged Democracies 1941—1991,Washington,D.C.:National Defense University Press,1992,p.182.

[35]P.J.Eldridge,The Politics of Foreign A id in India,Delhi:Vikas,1969,p.38,转引自Harold A.Gould,Sumit Ganguly,eds.,The Hope and the Reality:US‐India Relations from Roosevelt to Reagan,Boulder:West view Press,1992,p.47.

[36]Dennis Kux,The United States and Pakistan 1947—2000:Disenchanted Allies,Washington,D.C.:Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2000,p.135.

[37]Jane Wilson,“The Kennedy Era”,in Harold A.Gould,Sumit Ganguly,eds.,The Hope and the Reality:US‐India Relations from Roosevelt to Reagan,Boulder:West view Press,1992.

[38]Memorandum from the Vice President to President Kennedy,“The Mission to Southeast Asia,India and Pakistan”,May 23,1961,Vice President Security File,NFS,VP Far East trip,LBJL.转引自Dennis Kux,The United States and Pakistan 1947—2000:Disenchanted Allies,Washington,D.C.:Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2000,p.118.

[39]Muhammed Ayub Khan,Friends Not M asters,London:Oxford University Press,1967,p.137.

[40]Memorandum of Conversation between Presidents Ayub and Kennedy,July 13,1961,FRUS,1961—1963,Vol.19,pp.68-71.

[41]Memorandum from Robert Komer to Assistant Secretary Talbot,October 24,1962,NFS,India,Memos and Misc.,LBJL.转引自Dennis Kux,The United States and Pakistan 1947—2000:Disenchanted Allies,Washington,D.C.:Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2000,p.130.

[42]State Department Telegram to Embassy Karachi,October 28,1962,transmitting the text of letter from Kennedy to Ayub,FRUS,1961—1963,Vol.19.pp.358-359.转引自Dennis Kux,The United States and Pakistan 1947—2000:Disenchanted A llies,Washington,D.C.:Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2000,p.131.

[43]“Kashmir:Tactics for Fifth Round”,memorandum from Rusk to Kennedy,March 31,1963,and“Elements of a Settlement”,attachment to that memorandum,FRUS,1961—1963,Vol.19,pp.529-534.转引自Dennis Kux,The United States and Pakistan 1947—2000:Disenchanted A llies,Washington,D.C.:Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2000,p.140.

[44]State Department Telegram to Embassy Karachi,July 11,1963,FRUS,1961—1963,Vol.19,pp.619.转引自Dennis Kux,The United States and Pakistan 1947—2000:Disenchanted Allies,Washington,D.C.:Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2000,p.143.