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第33章 附图(1)

一、太极图

人称“东方魔符”。《易传》:“《易》有太极,是生两仪,两仪生四象,四象生八卦。”是先哲创造的宇宙衍化模型。《周易正义》:“(太极)乃天地未分之前,元气混而为一。”阴阳双方,既对立,又统一;永恒流转、生生不息;呈动态平衡的整体形象,堪称炎黄文化之一绝。

Tai Ji Tu(Diagram of the Grand Terminus)

People call it"Oriental Magic Figure".Yi Zhuan(on yi)reads:"In(the system of)the Yi there is the grand Terminus,which produced the two elementasy Forms.Those two Forms produced the four emblematic Symbols,which again produced the eight Trigrams.This is the pattern our ancient sage created of universe derivation.Zhou Yi Zhen YI(proper sense of Zhou Yi)reads:"(The Grand Terminus)It is referred to arch-gas mixed into one entity before the division into heaven and earth."Yin and Yang both opposed to and united with each other move eternaly and breed continuously in an endless succession.They present an image of dynamic balance,and is unique of Chinese cultrue.

二、古太极图

《道学正宗》:“古太极图,阳生于东而盛于南,阴生于西而盛于北;阳中有阴,阴中有阳,而两仪、而四象,而八卦,皆自然而然者。”实乃《先天太极图》简称《先天图》,又称《天地自然之图》。此图传自陈抟,民间流传较广,有太极含阴阳,阴阳含八卦之妙。

II.Ancient Diagram of the Grand Terminus

It is said in Orthodox Taoism"In the ancient Tai Ji Tu,Yang originates in the east and prevails in the south while Yin originates in the west and prevails in the north.Yang and Yin contain each other,and thus naturally two Forms,four Symbols and eight Trigrams were derived"It refers,in fact,Early Diagram of theGrand Terminus simplified as Early Diagram also known as Natural Diagram of Heaven and Earth.It was passed down by Chen Tuan,spreading wide among the people.It wonderfully symbolizes that the Grand Terminus contains Yin and Yang,while Yin and Yang contain eight trigrams.

三、无极而太极图(《周子太极图》)

宋代周敦颐(1017-1073)创制的万物化生模式。最初传自陈抟。朱熹称为《周子太极图》。自上而下分五层。显示“太极本无极”;阴阳迭运;“五行交合”;太极运化而乾男坤女;阴阳交合而万物化生,人得五行之精而最灵。

Diagram of the Infinite and the Gran

Terminus(Zhouzi Diagram of the Grand Terminus)

In Song Dynasty,Zhou Dunyi(1017-1073)worked out a pattern of the coming into being and development of all things on earth.It was first passed down by Chen Tuan.Zhu Xi called it Zhouzi Diagram of the Grand Terminus.It consists of,fromtop to bottom,five tiers,indicating that the Grand Terminus in its motion brought into being Qian the male and Kun the female;all things on earth were derived as a result of the copulation of Yin and Yang;human beings had the essence of the five elements and thus were the wisest.

四、来知德太极图

此图本为来知德圆图。《易经集注》云:先天八卦,“此伏羲之易也,易之数也,对待不移者也”;后天八卦,“此文王之易也,易之气也,流行不已者也。”“盖有对待,其气必流行而不已;有流行,其象数必对待而不移。”圆图以中心之太极表主宰之理,故云:“德之图,不立文字。以天地间理、气、象数,不过如此。此则兼对待、流行、主宰之理而图之也。”

四、Lai zhi de Grand Terminus Diagram

This Diagram is called as Lai zhi de circle diagram originally.the earlist hexagram is Fuxi"s Yi,also divinatory numbers of Yi,it is in a state of reciprocity without deflection.later hexagram is wenwang"s Yi,it is a kind of air which are flowing without stopping so long as it is reciprocity without deflection,lts air was certainly flowing without stopping.The Grand Terminus in centre of circle diagram show the dominant principle.so to say,Lai zhi de"s Diagram has no any words.He thought that reason、air、symbol、divinatory number were no more than so.

五、河图

《易传》:“河出图,洛出书,圣人则之。”又云:“天数五,地数五.……凡天地之数,五十有五,此所以成变化而行鬼神也。”郑玄以此图释五行之生成:“天一生水,地六成之;地二生火,天七成之;天三生木,地八成之;地四生金,天九成之;天五生土,地十成之。”

V.The He Map

Yi Zhuan has it that"The He gave forth the Map,and the Luo the Writing,from(both of)which the sages drew laws and principles."It also has it that"Heavenly numbers are five,and Earthly numbers are(also)five...The numbers of heaven and earth together amount to 55.It is by these that the changes and transformations are effected,and the spirit-like agencies kept in movement."By this Map Zheng Xuan explained the production and completion between the five elements,saying,"Heavenly-one produces water and earthly-six completes;earthly-two produces fire and heavenly-seven completes;heavenly-three produces wood and earthly-eight completes;earthly-four produces metal and heavenly-nine completes;heavenly-five produces earth and earthly-ten completes."

六、洛书

《易传》:“河出图,洛出书。”其排列:“戴九履一,左三右七,二四为肩,六八为足,五居中央。”又称“戴九履一图”。朱熹《易学启蒙》:“洛书之纵横十五,而七、八、九、六、迭为消长,虚五分十,而一含九,二含八,三含七,四含六,则参伍错综,无适而不遇其合焉。此变化无穷之所以为妙也”。人称世界最古之“幻方”。

VI.The Luo Writing

It is said in Yi Zhuan,"The He gave forth the Map,and the Luo the Writing",the arrangement of which is"top nine and bottom one,left three and right seven,two and four being shoulders,six and eight being feet,with five at the centre."It is also called:The Notation of Top Nine and Bottom One."In his Yi Xue Qi Meng(Rudiments of Yi),Zhu Xi said,"Vertically or horizontally,the numbers in the Luo Writing add up to fifteen,among them seven,eight,nine six alternatively to be Yang and Yin.Five being in between of ten,one being counterpart of,nine similarly,two of eight,three of seven and four of six,then whether upside down or left side right,or vice versa,the total is always there,unchanged.Wonderful indeed is the endless variation."People call it the most ancient"magic cube"in the world.

七、伏羲八卦次序图(小横图)

此朱熹所谓“伏羲四图”之一。传自邵雍。《周易本义》卷首云:“伏羲四图,其说皆出邵氏。盖邵氏得之李之才挺之,挺之得之穆修伯长,伯长得之华山希夷先生陈抟图南者,所谓‘先天之学’也”。又说“此序既定,又递升而倍之,适得乾一、兑二、离三、震四、巽五坎六、艮七、坤八,此乃伏羲画八卦自然次序非人私智所能安排,学《易》者不可不知也”。

VII.The Trigrams in Sequence by Fu Xi.(Small Horizontal Diagram)