书城教材教辅用美国小学课本学英语
9313000000012

第12章 Social Life社会生活(12)

Though the peak in most fields comes early—most Nobel prizewinners did their top research in their late 20’s and 30’s—creative people continue to produce quality work throughout their lives. For the “well-conditioned mind”, there is no upper limit.

Vocabulary 词汇

patterns ["p?t?nz] n. 模式(pattern的复数形式);

v. 摹制,用图案装饰

peak [pi:k] n. 顶点,山峰,最高点,帽舌;

vt. 使达到最高点

possess [p?"zes] vt. 持有,控制,迷住,使掌握

maturity [m?"tju?riti] n. 成熟,到期,完备

quotient ["kw?u??nt] n. [数]商,系数,份额

symphony ["simf?ni] n. 交响乐,谐声,和声

Practice

1.When are you smartest?

2.When are you happiest?

3.When are you most creative?

译文

人生的起伏似乎没有可以预知的模式,但是科学家现在发现有一些模式相当明确,绝大多数人都不例外。即使你度过了一些最佳时期,你仍然会在将来经历另外几个最佳时期。某些最佳时期似乎在生命的后半段才会到来。

什么时候你最聪明?根据智商得分,你从15岁至25岁最聪明。然而,随着年龄的增长,你更加具有智慧和经验。

20多岁的时候你的思维最敏捷。30岁左右,记忆力开始衰退,尤其是你的数学计算能力。然而你做其他事情的智商提高了。例如45岁时你的词汇量是你刚从大学毕业时的3倍,60岁时你大脑中储存的信息几乎是你21岁时的4倍。

敏锐和智慧之间的这种消长,已经使得心理学家们提出了在成年人中采用“成熟商”这一概念。

什么时候你的自我感觉最好?15岁至24岁之间你的身体感觉最好;40岁至49岁之间你对自己的职业感觉最佳。

24岁之前,我们相信自己最快乐的日子尚未到来;过了30岁,我们就认为最快乐的时光已经过去。一项全国性的健康调查也揭示了同样的结果:30岁过后,我们变得更加实际,不把幸福当成生命本身的一种目标。我们认为,只要我们保持健康,事业上、情感上称心如意,那么我们就觉得幸福便会随之而来。

什么时候你最富创造力?一般在30岁至39岁之间。但是不同的职业,高峰期也不相同。

莫扎特8岁时就创作了一部交响曲、4首奏鸣曲;门德尔松17岁就完成了他的最著名的作品《仲夏夜之梦》,但是大部分伟大的音乐作品都是人们在33岁至39岁之间创作出来的。

虽然大多数领域的最佳状态来得比较早——大多数诺贝尔奖获得者都是在25岁以后、30多岁时完成他们最出色的研究——但是创造型的人会在生命中不断地完成高质量的工作。对于“状态良好的大脑”,不存在上限。

1.Your will have higher I.Q.scores from 18-25.

2.You have the best physical sense of yourself from 15 to 24; the best professional sense from 40 to 49.

3.Generally between 30 and 39, but the peak varies with different professions.

16 Television Is Doing Irreparable Harm 电视正在造成无法补救的损害

“Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television?” How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn’t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the ‘goggle box’. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do-anything, providing it doesn’t interfere with the programme. The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.

Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn’t matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence—so long as they are quiet.

Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself. Television may be a spleen did medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilisation. In quiet, natural surrounding, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.

Vocabulary 词汇

occasionally [?"kei??n?li, ?u-] adv. 偶而,间或

goggle ["ɡ?ɡl] vi. 眼珠转动,瞪眼看;

n. 护目镜,风镜,眼睛睁视

leisurely ["le??li] adj. 从容的,悠闲的;

adv. 悠闲地,从容不迫地

interfere ["int?"fi?] vi. 干涉,打扰,妨碍;

vt. 冲突,介入

pacifier ["p?sifai?] n. 调解人,抚慰者,橡皮奶头

rubbishy ["r?bi?i] adj. 碎屑的,破烂的,无用的

spleen [spli:n] n. 脾脏,坏脾气,怒气

irrelevant [i"rel?v?nt] adj. 不切题的,不相干的

tyranny ["tir?ni] n. 暴政,专横,严酷

Practice

What role does the television play in your life? What is your opinion about it?

译文

“的确如此。不过,在电视出现以前,我们经常做什么呢?”这样的感慨对我们来说是多么耳熟啊!电视出现在我们生活中还没有那么久,但是,我们却已经开始忘却没有电视的世界曾经是个什么模样了。在我们把这个独眼怪物请进家门之前,我们从来都不觉得打发闲暇时光是什么难事。那时,我们享受着种种优雅的乐趣。比如,我们曾有各种爱好,我们曾在家里款待朋友或者到朋友家做客,我们曾去剧院、电影院、餐馆和体育竞赛场馆娱乐消遣。我们曾经时常读读书,听听音乐和广播聊天节目。所有这些都已成为过去。现在,我们所有的闲暇时光都被电视主宰着。我们急匆匆地冲回家,狼吞虎咽地扒完饭,就为了赶上这个或那个电视节目。我们现在甚至放弃了围坐在餐桌前一边悠闲地享用着晚餐,一边交谈这一天的见闻的习惯。任何事情,只要它不打扰看电视就行;一个三明治,一杯啤酒足矣。这个怪物要求绝对的安静和注意力,它也得到了这些。若是某个家庭成员竟敢在收看电视节目的时候开口说话,大家一定会立即叫他闭嘴。

整整几代人在对电视的迷恋中长大。他们饭也不吃,功课也不做,觉也睡得少了。电视成了万能的安慰剂。把孩子放在起居室,然后打开电视,现在这已成了妈妈们通用的做法。只要孩子们能安静地呆着,他们会看到无聊的商业广告片也好,看到性虐待或暴力场面也罢,那都无关紧要。

电视还鼓励消极娱乐。我们越来越满足于间接经验。坐在扶手沙发椅里,看着别人工作,那是多么惬意呀!渐渐地,电视剪断了我们与外界真正的联系。我们变得如此懒惰,在阳光明媚的日子里却宁肯呆在半明半暗的房间里,抱着电视机,也不愿走出去,走进真实的世界。或许电视的确是一种了不起的传播媒介,但它却阻碍了我们的相互交流。只有当我们去远离人类文明的海边或者山中度一个假期的时候,我们才会意识到电视和真实生活是多么风马牛不相及。在宁静的自然环境中,我们很快便发现,我们并不怀念“电视大王”的催眠专制。

练习

电视在你的生活中扮演什么角色?谈谈你对它的看法。