书城社科“道统”教育思想与教育论著选读(第二辑·第六卷)
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第30章 附:韩愈进学解(英文对照)

国子先生晨入太学,召诸生立馆下,诲之曰:“业精于勤,荒于嬉。行成于思,毁于随。方今圣贤相逢,治具毕张。

拔去凶邪,登崇俊良。占小善者率以录,名一艺者无不庸。

爬罗剔抉,刮垢磨光。盖有幸而获选,孰云多而不扬?诸生业患不能精,无患有司之不明。行患不能成,无患有司之不公。”

Inthemorning,classroom,andgivestheminstructions:

knowledgethroughdiligentstudy,frolics·Atthistimesaintsarearising,Thosethatareinterestedinpettygainsareallputonrecord,discriminatingthem;winoutinimperialexaminations,eruditeoneswillbeneglected?

arewiseornot;言未既,有笑于列者曰:“先生欺余哉!弟子事先生,于兹有年矣。先生口不绝吟于六艺之文,手不停披于百家之编。记事者必提其要,纂言者必钩其玄。贪多务得,细大不捐。焚膏油以继晷,恒兀兀以穷年:先生之于业,可谓勤矣。

抵排异端,攘斥佛老。补苴罅漏,张皇幽眇。寻坠绪之茫茫,独旁搜而远绍。障百川而东之,回狂澜于既倒:先生之于儒,可谓有劳矣。沈浸[酉农]郁,含英咀华。作为文章,其书满家。上规姚姒,浑浑无涯。周诰殷盘,佶屈聱牙。春秋谨严,左氏浮夸。易奇而法,诗正而葩。下逮庄骚,太史所录。子云、相如,同工异曲:先生之于文,可谓闳其中而肆其外矣!少始知学,勇于敢为。长通于方,左右俱宜:先生之于为人,可谓成矣。然而公不见信于人,私不见助于友。

跋前踬后,动辄得咎。暂为御史,遂窜南夷。三年博士,冗不见治。命与仇谋,取败几时!冬暖而儿号寒,年丰而妻啼饥。头童齿豁,竟死何裨?不知虑此,而反教人为!”

BeforeIfinishthesentence,studentsstandingthere:"Areyoukidding?

ideaswhenyourecordanevent,whenyoudevelopanarticle;youabsorbthingsofdiversenatures;works,correctinaccuracies,expoundintricateprinciples,unfinishedcauses,learnextensively,makeriversruntowardstheeast,toConfucianism·Youarelearned,ZhouGuandYinPan,Annals,assumptuousasZuoShi,astheBookofChanges,comparabletoZhuangZiandLiSao,Gong,graceful·Whenyouwereyoungyouwerebold;disciplines,Youareindeedaccomplished·However,you,caughtinadilemma,somemalpractice·Youusedtobeacensor,threeyears,trustyourlifeintothehandofyourenemies,complainsforcoldness,toothed,afteryourdeath?Whydon’tyoumindyourownbusiness,ofsittinghereandteachingothers?

先生曰:“吁!子来前。夫大木为[(上)亡(下)木],细木为桷。[木薄]栌侏儒,[木畏][(外)门(内)臬][(上)户(下)占]楔,各得其宜,施以成室者,匠氏之工也。玉札、丹砂,赤箭、青芝,牛溲,马勃,败鼓之皮,俱收并蓄,待用无遗者,医师之良也。登明选公,杂进巧拙,纡余为妍,卓荦为杰,校短量长,惟器是适者,宰相之方也。昔者孟轲好辩,孔道以明。辙环天下,卒老于行。荀卿守正,大论是弘。逃谗于楚,废死兰陵。是二儒者,吐辞为经,举足为法。绝类离伦,优入圣域,其遇于世何如也?今先生学虽勤而不繇其统,言虽多而不要其中。文虽奇而不济于用,行虽修而不显于众。犹且月费俸钱,岁糜廪粟。子不知耕,妇不知织。乘马从徒,安坐而食。踵常途之促促,窥陈编以盗窃。然而圣主不加诛,宰臣不见斥,兹非其幸欤?动而得谤,名亦随之。

投闲置散,乃分之宜。若夫商财贿之有亡,计班资之崇庳。

忘己量之所称,指前人之瑕疵。是所谓诘匠氏之不以[木弋]为楹,而訾医师以昌阳引年,欲进其[豕希]苓也。”

Hereismyanswerforhim:"Alas!Pleasestepforward!

bigwoodcanbeusedasagirder,squarerafter,asmallwoodcanbeusedasapendentive,stoutwoodcanbeusedasadoor-hingepit,thesedifferentpartsonatimberandbuildahouse,strips,cinnabars,redbamboos,greensacredgrass,urineofanox,thespermsofahorse,drum,andmakegooduseofthemall,willbeconsideredbeautiful,heroic·Aprimeminister’sprincipleistocomparepeople’

giftsandweaknesses,suitable·Inthepast,MengKeenjoyedarguingwithpeople,hiscarriagewasseenalloverthecountry,whenhebreathedhislast·XunQingwasavirtuousperson,tothekingdomChutoescapefromslanders,Thesetwostatelypersonsweresoelegant,itthattheirdestiniesweresotragic?

industrious,EverymonthIwilluseupmysalary,upthecornsinmygranary·Mysonsdonotknowhowtocultivate,traveltheywillsitincarriages,oldandrottensothattheycanstealthingsout·However,wiserulerwillnotpunishthem,notrebukethem·Howluckytheyare!

todoanything,hewillbeslandered,followhim;whereasifheisatleisure,theirseniors,thelivesofhispatientswithcatharticsinsteadoftonics!”