Perhaps material things count for much in the lives of those who live so little in thought;certain it is that the less they have,the dearer their possessions are to them.Perhaps,too,it is with the peasant as with the prisoner--he does not squander the powers of his soul,he centres them all upon a single idea,and this is how his feelings come to be so exceedingly strong.Pardon these reflections on the part of a man who seldom exchanges ideas with any one.But,indeed,you must not suppose,sir,that I am much taken up with these far-fetched considerations.We all have to be active and practical here.
"Alas!the fewer ideas these poor folk have in their heads,the harder it is to make them see where their real interests lie.There was nothing for it but to give my whole attention to every trifling detail of my enterprise.One and all made me the same answer,one of those sayings,filled with homely sense,to which there is no possible reply,'But your houses are not yet built,sir!'they used to say.
'Very good,'said I,'promise me that as soon as they are finished you will come and live in them.'
"Luckily,sir,I obtained a decision to the effect that the whole of the mountain side above the now deserted village was the property of the township.The sum of money brought in by the woods on the higher slopes paid for the building of the new houses and for the land on which they stood.They were built forthwith;and when once one of my refractory families was fairly settled in,the rest of them were not slow to follow.The benefits of the change were so evident that even the most bigoted believer in the village,which you might call soulless as well as sunless,could not but appreciate them.The final decision in this matter,which gave some property to the Commune,in the possession of which we were confirmed by the Council of State,made me a person of great importance in the canton.But what a lot of worry there was over it!"the doctor remarked,stopping short,and raising a hand which he let fall again--a gesture that spoke volumes.
"No one knows,as I do,the distance between the town and the Prefecture--whence nothing comes out--and from the Prefecture to the Council of State--where nothing can be got in.
"Well,after all,"he resumed,"peace be to the powers of this world!
They yielded to my importunities,and that is saying a great deal.If you only knew the good that came of a carelessly scrawled signature!
Why,sir,two years after I had taken these momentous trifles in hand,and had carried the matter through to the end,every poor family in the Commune had two cows at least,which they pastured on the mountain side,where (without waiting this time for an authorization from the Council of State)I had established a system of irrigation by means of cross trenches,like those in Switzerland,Auvergne,and Limousin.
Much to their astonishment,the townspeople saw some capital meadows springing up under their eyes,and thanks to the improvement in the pasturage,the yield of milk was very much larger.The results of this triumph were great indeed.Every one followed the example set by my system of irrigation;cattle were multiplied;the area of meadow land and every kind of out-turn increased.I had nothing to fear after that.I could continue my efforts to improve this,as yet,untilled corner of the earth;and to civilize those who dwelt in it,whose minds had hitherto lain dormant.
"Well,sir,folk like us,who live out of the world,are very talkative.If you ask us a question,there is no knowing where the answer will come to an end;but to cut it short--there were about seven hundred souls in the valley when I came to it,and now the population numbers some two thousand.I had gained the good opinion of every one in that matter of the last cretin;and when I had constantly shown that I could rule both mildly and firmly,I became a local oracle.I did everything that I could to win their confidence;I did not ask for it,nor did I appear to seek it;but I tried to inspire every one with the deepest respect for my character,by the scrupulous way in which I always fulfilled my engagements,even when they were of the most trifling kind.When I had pledged myself to care for the poor creature whose death you have just witnessed,I looked after him much more effectually than any of his previous guardians had done.He has been fed and cared for as the adopted child of the Commune.After a time the dwellers in the valley ended by understanding the service which I had done them in spite of themselves,but for all that,they still cherish some traces of that old superstition of theirs.Far be it from me to blame them for it;has not their cult of the cretin often furnished me with an argument when I have tried to induce those who had possession of their faculties to help the unfortunate?But here we are,"said Benassis,when after a moment's pause he saw the roof of his own house.
Far from expecting the slightest expression of praise or of thanks from his listener,it appeared from his way of telling the story of this episode in his administrative career,that he had been moved by an unconscious desire to pour out the thoughts that filled his mind,after the manner of folk that live very retired lives.
"I have taken the liberty of putting my horse in your stable,sir,"said the commandant,"for which in your goodness you will perhaps pardon me when you learn the object of my journey hither.""Ah!yes,what is it?"asked Benassis,appearing to shake off his preoccupied mood,and to recollect that his companion was a stranger to him.The frankness and unreserve of his nature had led him to accept Genestas as an acquaintance.
"I have heard of the almost miraculous recovery of M.Gravier of Grenoble,whom you received into your house,"was the soldier's answer."I have come to you,hoping that you will give a like attention to my case,although I have not a similar claim to your benevolence;and yet,I am possibly not undeserving of it.I am an old soldier,and wounds of long standing give me no peace.It will take you at least a week to study my condition,for the pain only comes back at intervals,and----""Very good,sir,"Benassis broke in;"M.Gravier's room is in readiness.Come in."They went into the house,the doctor flinging open the door with an eagerness that Genestas attributed to his pleasure at receiving a boarder.
"Jacquotte!"Benassis called out."This gentleman will dine with us.""But would it not be as well for us to settle about the payment?""Payment for what?"inquired the doctor.
"For my board.You cannot keep me and my horse as well,without----""If you are wealthy,you will repay me amply,"Benassis replied;"and if you are not,I will take nothing whatever.""Nothing whatever seems to me to be too dear,"said Genestas."But,rich or poor,will ten francs a day (not including your professional services)be acceptable to you?""Nothing could be less acceptable to me than payment for the pleasure of entertaining a visitor,"the doctor answered,knitting his brows;"and as to my advice,you shall have it if I like you,and not unless.
Rich people shall not have my time by paying for it;it belongs exclusively to the folk here in the valley.I do not care about fame or fortune,and I look for neither praise or gratitude from my patients.Any money which you may pay me will go to the druggists in Grenoble,to pay for the medicine required by the poor of the neighborhood."Any one who had heard the words flung out,abruptly,it is true,but without a trace of bitterness in them,would have said to himself with Genestas,"Here is a man made of good human clay.""Well,then,I will pay you ten francs a day,sir,"the soldier answered,returning to the charge with wonted pertinacity,"and you will do as you choose after that.We shall understand each other better,now that the question is settled,"he added,grasping the doctor's hand with eager cordiality."In spite of my ten francs,you shall see that I am by no means a Tartar."After this passage of arms,in which Benassis showed not the slightest sign of a wish to appear generous or to pose as a philanthropist,the supposed invalid entered his doctor's house.Everything within it was in keeping with the ruinous state of the gateway,and with the clothing worn by its owner.There was an utter disregard for everything not essentially useful,which was visible even in the smallest trifles.Benassis took Genestas through the kitchen,that being the shortest way to the dining-room.
Had the kitchen belonged to an inn,it could not have been more smoke-begrimed;and if there was a sufficiency of cooking pots within its precincts,this lavish supply was Jacquotte's doing--Jacquotte who had formerly been the cure's housekeeper--Jacquotte who always said "we,"and who ruled supreme over the doctor's household.If,for instance,there was a brightly polished warming-pan above the mantelshelf,it probably hung there because Jacquotte liked to sleep warm of a winter night,which led her incidentally to warm her master's sheets.He never took a thought about anything;so she was wont to say.
It was on account of a defect,which any one else would have found intolerable,that Benassis had taken her into his service.Jacquotte had a mind to rule the house,and a woman who would rule his house was the very person that the doctor wanted.So Jacquotte bought and sold,made alterations about the place,set up and took down,arranged and disarranged everything at her own sweet will;her master had never raised a murmur.Over the yard,the stable,the man-servant and the kitchen,in fact,over the whole house and garden and its master,Jacquotte's sway was absolute.She looked out fresh linen,saw to the washing,and laid in provisions without consulting anybody.She decided everything that went on in the house,and the date when the pigs were to be killed.She scolded the gardener,decreed the menu at breakfast and dinner,and went from cellar to garret,and from garret to cellar,setting everything to rights according to her notions,without a word of opposition of any sort or deion.Benassis had made but two stipulations--he wished to dine at six o'clock,and that the household expenses should not exceed a certain fixed sum every month.
A woman whom every one obeys in this way is always singing,so Jacquotte laughed and warbled on the staircase;she was always humming something when she was not singing,and singing when she was not humming.Jacquotte had a natural liking for cleanliness,so she kept the house neat and clean.If her tastes had been different,it would have been a sad thing for M.Benassis (so she was wont to say),for the poor man was so little particular that you might feed him on cabbage for partridges,and he would not find it out;and if it were not for her,he would very often wear the same shirt for a week on end.Jacquotte,however,was an indefatigable folder of linen,a born rubber and polisher of furniture,and a passionate lover of a perfectly religious and ceremonial cleanliness of the most scrupulous,the most radiant,and most fragrant kind.A sworn foe to dust,she swept and scoured and washed without ceasing.
The condition of the gateway caused her acute distress.On the first day of every month for the past ten years,she had extorted from her master a promise that he would replace the gate with a new one,that the walls of the house should be lime-washed,and that everything should be made quite straight and proper about the place;but so far,the master had not kept his word.So it happened that whenever she fell to lamenting over Benassis'deeply-rooted carelessness about things,she nearly always ended solemnly in these words with which all her praises of her master usually terminated:
"You cannot say that he is a fool,because he works such miracles,as you may say,in the place;but,all the same,he is a fool at times,such a fool that you have to do everything for him as if he were a child."Jacquotte loved the house as if it had belonged to her;and when she had lived in it for twenty-two years,had she not some grounds for deluding herself on that head?After the cure's death the house had been for sale;and Benassis,who had only just come into the country,had bought it as it stood,with the walls about it and the ground belonging to it,together with the plate,wine,and furniture,the old sundial,the poultry,the horse,and the woman-servant.Jacquotte was the very pattern of a working housekeeper,with her clumsy figure,and her bodice,always of the same dark brown print with large red spots on it,which fitted her so tightly that it looked as if the material must give way if she moved at all.Her colorless face,with its double chin,looked out from under a round plaited cap,which made her look paler than she really was.She talked incessantly,and always in a loud voice--this short,active woman,with the plump,busy hands.
Indeed,if Jacquotte was silent for a moment,and took a corner of her apron so as to turn it up in a triangle,it meant that a lengthy expostulation was about to be delivered for the benefit of master or man.Jacquotte was beyond all doubt the happiest cook in the kingdom;for,that nothing might be lacking in a measure of felicity as great as may be known in this world below,her vanity was continually gratified--the townspeople regarded her as an authority of an indefinite kind,and ranked her somewhere between the mayor and the park-keeper.
The master of the house found nobody in the kitchen when he entered it.
"Where the devil are they all gone?"he asked."Pardon me for bringing you in this way,"he went on,turning to Genestas."The front entrance opens into the garden,but I am so little accustomed to receive visitors that--Jacquotte!"he called in rather peremptory tones.
A woman's voice answered to the name from the interior of the house.Amoment later Jacquotte,assuming the offensive,called in her turn to Benassis,who forthwith went into the dining-room.
"Just like you,sir!"she exclaimed;"you never do like anybody else.
You always ask people to dinner without telling me beforehand,and you think that everything is settled as soon as you have called for Jacquotte!You are not going to have the gentleman sit in the kitchen,are you?Is not the salon to be unlocked and a fire to be lighted?
Nicolle is there,and will see after everything.Now take the gentleman into the garden for a minute;that will amuse him;if he likes to look at pretty things,show him the arbor of hornbeam trees that the poor dear old gentleman made.I shall have time then to lay the cloth,and to get everything ready,the dinner and the salon too.""Yes.But,Jacquotte,"Benassis went on,"the gentleman is going to stay with us.Do not forget to give a look round M.Gravier's room,and see about the sheets and things,and ----""Now you are not going to interfere about the sheets,are you?"asked Jacquotte."If he is to sleep here,I know what must be done for him perfectly well.You have not so much as set foot in M.Gravier's room these ten months past.There is nothing to see there,the place is as clean as a new pin.Then will the gentleman make some stay here?"she continued in a milder tone.
"Yes."
"How long will he stay?"
"Faith,I do not know:What does it matter to you?""What does it matter to me,sir?Oh!very well,what does it matter to me?Did any one ever hear the like!And the provisions and all that and----"At any other time she would have overwhelmed her master with reproaches for his breach of trust,but now she followed him into the kitchen before the torrent of words had come to an end.She had guessed that there was a prospect of a boarder,and was eager to see Genestas,to whom she made a very deferential courtesy,while she scanned him from head to foot.A thoughtful and dejected expression gave a harsh look to the soldier's face.In the dialogue between master and servant the latter had appeared to him in the light of a nonentity;and although he regretted the fact,this revelation had lessened the high opinion that he had formed of the man whose persistent efforts to save the district from the horrors of cretinism had won his admiration.
"I do not like the looks of that fellow at all!"said Jacquotte to herself.
"If you are not tired,sir,"said the doctor to his supposed patient,"we will take a turn round the garden before dinner.""Willingly,"answered the commandant.
They went through the dining-room,and reached the garden by way of a sort of vestibule at the foot of the staircase between the salon and the dining-room.Beyond a great glass door at the farther end of the vestibule lay a flight of stone steps which adorned the garden side of the house.The garden itself was divided into four large squares of equal size by two paths that intersected each other in the form of a cross,a box edging along their sides.At the farther end there was a thick,green alley of hornbeam trees,which had been the joy and pride of the late owner.The soldier seated himself on a worm-eaten bench,and saw neither the trellis-work nor the espaliers,nor the vegetables of which Jacquotte took such great care.She followed the traditions of the epicurean churchman to whom this valuable garden owed its origin;but Benassis himself regarded it with sufficient indifference.
The commandant turned their talk from the trivial matters which had occupied them by saying to the doctor:
"How comes it,sir,that the population of the valley has been trebled in ten years?There were seven hundred souls in it when you came,and to-day you say that they number more than two thousand.""You are the first person who has put that question to me,"the doctor answered."Though it has been my aim to develop the capabilities of this little corner of the earth to the utmost,the constant pressure of a busy life has not left me time to think over the way in which (like the mendicant brother)I have made 'broth from a flint'on a large scale.M.Gravier himself,who is one of several who have done a great deal for us,and to whom I was able to render a service by re-establishing his health,has never given a thought to the theory,though he has been everywhere over our mountain sides with me,to see its practical results."There was a moment's silence,during which Benassis followed his own thoughts,careless of the keen glance by which his guest friend tried to fathom him.
"You ask how it came about,my dear sir?"the doctor resumed."It came about quite naturally through the working of the social law by which the need and the means of supplying it are correlated.Herein lies the whole story.Races who have no wants are always poor.When I first came to live here in this township,there were about a hundred and thirty peasant families in it,and some two hundred hearths in the valley.The local authorities were such as might be expected in the prevailing wretchedness of the population.The mayor himself could not write,and the deputy-mayor was a small farmer,who lived beyond the limits of the Commune.The justice of the peace was a poor devil who had nothing but his salary,and who was forced to relinquish the registration of births,marriages,and deaths to his clerk,another hapless wretch who was scarcely able to understand his duties.The old cure had died at the age of seventy,and his curate,a quite uneducated man,had just succeeded to his position.These people comprised all the intelligence of the district over which they ruled.
"Those who dwelt amidst these lovely natural surroundings groveled in squalor and lived upon potatoes,milk,butter,and cheese.The only produce that brought in any money was the cheese,which most of them carried in small baskets to Grenoble or its outskirts.The richer or the more energetic among them sowed buckwheat for home consumption;sometimes they raised a crop of barley or oats,but wheat was unknown.
The only trader in the place was the mayor,who owned a sawmill and bought up timber at a low price to sell again.In the absence of roads,his tree trunks had to be transported during the summer season;each log was dragged along one at a time,and with no small difficulty,by means of a chain attached to a halter about his horse's neck,and an iron hook at the farther end of the chain,which was driven into the wood.Any one who went to Grenoble,whether on horseback or afoot,was obliged to follow a track high up on the mountain side,for the valley was quite impassable.The pretty road between this place and the first village that you reach as you come into the canton (the way along which you must have come)was nothing but a slough at all seasons of the year.
"Political events and revolutions had never reached this inaccessible country--it lay completely beyond the limits of social stir and change.Napoleon's name,and his alone,had penetrated hither;he is held in great veneration,thanks to one or two old soldiers who have returned to their native homes,and who of evenings tell marvelous tales about his adventures and his armies for the benefit of these simple folk.Their coming back is,moreover,a puzzle that no one can explain.Before I came here,the young men who went into the army all stayed in it for good.This fact in itself is a sufficient revelation of the wretched condition of the country.I need not give you a detailed deion of it.
"This,then,was the state of things when I first came to the canton,which has several contented,well-tilled,and fairly prosperous communes belonging to it upon the other side of the mountains.I will say nothing about the hovels in the town;they were neither more nor less than stables,in which men and animals were indiscriminately huddled together.As there was no inn in the place,I was obliged to ask the curate for a bed,he being in possession,for the time being,of this house,then offered for sale.Putting to him question after question,I came to have some slight knowledge of the lamentable condition of the country with the pleasant climate,the fertile soil,and the natural productiveness that had impressed me so much.
"At that time,sir,I was seeking to shape a future for myself that should be as little as possible like the troubled life that had left me weary;and one of those thoughts came into my mind that God gives us at times,to enable us to take up our burdens and bear them.Iresolved to develop all the resources of this country,just as a tutor develops the capacities of a child.Do not think too much of my benevolence;the pressing need that I felt for turning my thoughts into fresh channels entered too much into my motives.I had determined to give up the remainder of my life to some difficult task.A lifetime would be required to bring about the needful changes in a canton that Nature had made so wealthy,and man so poor;and I was tempted by the practical difficulties that stood in the way.As soon as I found that I could secure the cure's house and plenty of waste land at a small cost,I solemnly devoted myself to the calling of a country surgeon--the very last position that a man aspires to take.I determined to become the friend of the poor,and to expect no reward of any kind from them.Oh!I did not indulge in any illusions as to the nature of the country people,nor as to the hindrances that lie in the way of every attempt to bring about a better state of things among men or their surroundings.I have never made idyllic pictures of my people;Ihave taken them at their just worth--as poor peasants,neither wholly good nor wholly bad,whose constant toil never allows them to indulge in emotion,though they can feel acutely at times.Above all things,in fact,I clearly understood that I should do nothing with them except through an appeal to their selfish interests,and by schemes for their immediate well-being.The peasants are one and all the sons of St.Thomas,the doubting apostle--they always like words to be supported by visible facts.
"Perhaps you will laugh at my first start,sir,"the doctor went on after a pause."I began my difficult enterprise by introducing the manufacture of baskets.The poor folks used to buy the wicker mats on which they drain their cheeses,and all the baskets needed for the insignificant trade of the district.I suggested to an intelligent young fellow that he might take a lease on a good-sized piece of land by the side of the torrent.Every year the floods deposited a rich alluvial soil on this spot,where there should be no difficulty in growing osiers.I reckoned out the quantity of wicker-work of various kinds required from time to time by the canton,and went over to Grenoble,where I found a young craftsman,a clever worker,but without any capital.When I had discovered him,I soon made up my mind to set him up in business here.I undertook to advance the money for the osiers required for his work until my osier-farmer should be in a position to supply him.I induced him to sell his baskets at rather lower prices than they asked for them in Grenoble,while,at the same time,they were better made.He entered into my views completely.The osier-beds and the basket-making were two business speculations whose results were only appreciated after a lapse of four years.Of course,you know that osiers must be three years old before they are fit to cut.
"At the commencement of operations,the basket-maker was boarded and lodged gratuitously.Before very long he married a woman from Saint Laurent du Pont,who had a little money.Then he had a house built,in a healthy and very airy situation which I chose,and my advice was followed as to the internal arrangements.Here was a triumph!I had created a new industry,and had brought a producer and several workers into the town.I wonder if you will regard my elations as childish?