For the coronation-feast there were provided,among other eatables,four hundred oxen,four hundred sheep,four hundred and fifty pigs,eighteen wild boars,three hundred flitches of bacon,and twenty thousand fowls.The fountains and conduits in the street flowed with red and white wine instead of water;the rich citizens hung silks and cloths of the brightest colours out of their windows to increase the beauty of the show,and threw out gold and silver by whole handfuls to make scrambles for the crowd.In short,there was such eating and drinking,such music and capering,such a ringing of bells and tossing of caps,such a shouting,and singing,and revelling,as the narrow overhanging streets of old London City had not witnessed for many a long day.All the people were merry except the poor Jews,who,trembling within their houses,and scarcely daring to peep out,began to foresee that they would have to find the money for this joviality sooner or later.
To dismiss this sad subject of the Jews for the present,I am sorry to add that in this reign they were most unmercifully pillaged.
They were hanged in great numbers,on accusations of having clipped the King's coin-which all kinds of people had done.They were heavily taxed;they were disgracefully badged;they were,on one day,thirteen years after the coronation,taken up with their wives and children and thrown into beastly prisons,until they purchased their release by paying to the King twelve thousand pounds.
Finally,every kind of property belonging to them was seized by the King,except so little as would defray the charge of their taking themselves away into foreign countries.Many years elapsed before the hope of gain induced any of their race to return to England,where they had been treated so heartlessly and had suffered so much.
If King Edward the First had been as bad a king to Christians as he was to Jews,he would have been bad indeed.But he was,in general,a wise and great monarch,under whom the country much improved.He had no love for the Great Charter-few Kings had,through many,many years-but he had high qualities.The first bold object which he conceived when he came home,was,to unite under one Sovereign England,Scotland,and Wales;the two last of which countries had each a little king of its own,about whom the people were always quarrelling and fighting,and making a prodigious disturbance-a great deal more than he was worth.In the course of King Edward's reign he was engaged,besides,in a war with France.To make these quarrels clearer,we will separate their histories and take them thus.Wales,first.France,second.
Scotland,third.
LLEWELLYN was the Prince of Wales.He had been on the side of the Barons in the reign of the stupid old King,but had afterwards sworn allegiance to him.When King Edward came to the throne,Llewellyn was required to swear allegiance to him also;which he refused to do.The King,being crowned and in his own dominions,three times more required Llewellyn to come and do homage;and three times more Llewellyn said he would rather not.He was going to be married to ELEANOR DE MONTFORT,a young lady of the family mentioned in the last reign;and it chanced that this young lady,coming from France with her youngest brother,EMERIC,was taken by an English ship,and was ordered by the English King to be detained.Upon this,the quarrel came to a head.The King went,with his fleet,to the coast of Wales,where,so encompassing Llewellyn,that he could only take refuge in the bleak mountain region of Snowdon in which no provisions could reach him,he was soon starved into an apology,and into a treaty of peace,and into paying the expenses of the war.The King,however,forgave him some of the hardest conditions of the treaty,and consented to his marriage.And he now thought he had reduced Wales to obedience.
But the Welsh,although they were naturally a gentle,quiet,pleasant people,who liked to receive strangers in their cottages among the mountains,and to set before them with free hospitality whatever they had to eat and drink,and to play to them on their harps,and sing their native ballads to them,were a people of great spirit when their blood was up.Englishmen,after this affair,began to be insolent in Wales,and to assume the air of masters;and the Welsh pride could not bear it.Moreover,they believed in that unlucky old Merlin,some of whose unlucky old prophecies somebody always seemed doomed to remember when there was a chance of its doing harm;and just at this time some blind old gentleman with a harp and a long white beard,who was an excellent person,but had become of an unknown age and tedious,burst out with a declaration that Merlin had predicted that when English money had become round,a Prince of Wales would be crowned in London.Now,King Edward had recently forbidden the English penny to be cut into halves and quarters for halfpence and farthings,and had actually introduced a round coin;therefore,the Welsh people said this was the time Merlin meant,and rose accordingly.