(1) Thing-men were hired men-at-arms; called Thing-men probably from being men above the class of thralls or unfree men, and entitled to appear at Things, as being udal-born to land at home.
14.EIGHTH AND NINTH BATTLES OF OLAF.
King Olaf was commander of all the forces when they went against Canterbury; and they fought there until they took the town, killing many people and burning the castle.So says Ottar Svarte: --"All in the grey of morn Broad Canterbury's forced.
Black smoke from house-roofs borne Hides fire that does its worst;And many a man laid low By the battle-axe's blow, Waked by the Norsemen's cries, Scarce had time to rub his eyes."Sigvat reckons this King Olaf's eighth battle: --"Of this eighth battle I can tell How it was fought, and what befell, The castle tower With all his power He could not take, Nor would forsake.
The Perthmen fought, Nor quarter sought;By death or flight They left the fight.
Olaf could not this earl stout From Canterbury quite drive out."At this time King Olaf was entrusted with the whole land defence of England, and he sailed round the land with his ships of War.
He laid his ships at land at Nyjamoda, where the troops of the Thingmen were, and gave them battle and gained the victory.So says Sigvat the skald: --"The youthful king stained red the hair Of Angeln men, and dyed his spear At Newport in their hearts' dark blood:
And where the Danes the thickest stood --Where the shrill storm round Olaf's head Of spear and arrow thickest fled.
There thickest lay the Thingmen dead!
Nine battles now of Olaf bold, Battle by battle, I have told."King Olaf then scoured all over the country, taking scat of the people and plundering where it was refused.So says Ottar: --"The English race could not resist thee, With money thou madest them assist thee;Unsparingly thou madest them pay A scat to thee in every way;Money, if money could be got --Goods, cattle, household gear, if not.
Thy gathered spoil, borne to the strand, Was the best wealth of English land."Olaf remained here for three years (A.D.1010-1012).
15.THE TENTH BATTLE.
The third year King Ethelred died, and his sons Edmund and Edward took the government (A.D.1012).Then Olaf sailed southwards out to sea, and had a battle at Hringsfjord, and took a castle situated at Holar, where vikings resorted, and burnt the castle.
So says Sigvat the skald: --
"Of the tenth battle now I tell, Where it was fought, and what befell.
Up on the hill in Hringsfjord fair A robber nest hung in the air:
The people followed our brave chief, And razed the tower of the viking thief.
Such rock and tower, such roosting-place, Was ne'er since held by the roving race."16.ELEVENTH, TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH BATTLES.
Then King Olaf proceeded westwards to Grislupollar, and fought there with vikings at Williamsby; and there also King Olaf gained the victory.So says Sigvat: --"The eleventh battle now I tell, Where it was fought, and what befell.
At Grislupol our young fir's name O'ertopped the forest trees in fame:
Brave Olaf's name -- nought else was heard But Olaf's name, and arm, and sword.
Of three great earls, I have heard say, His sword crushed helm and head that day."Next he fought westward on Fetlafjord, as Sigvat tells: --"The twelfth fight was at Fetlafjord, Where Olaf's honour-seeking sword Gave the wild wolf's devouring teeth A feast of warriors doomed to death."From thence King Olaf sailed southwards to Seljupollar, where he had a battle.He took there a castle called Gunvaldsborg, which was very large and old.He also made prisoner the earl who ruled over the castle and who was called Geirfin.After a conference with the men of the castle, he laid a scat upon the town and earl, as ransom, of twelve thousand gold shillings: which was also paid by those on whom it was imposed.So says Sigvat: --"The thirteenth battle now I tell, Where it was fought, and what befell.
In Seljupol was fought the fray, And many did not survive the day.
The king went early to the shore, To Gunvaldsborg's old castle-tower;And a rich earl was taken there, Whose name was Geridin, I am sure."17.FOURTEENTH BATTLE AND OLAF'S DREAM.
Thereafter King Olaf steered with his fleet westward to Karlsar, and tarried there and had a fight.And while King Olaf was lying in Karlsa river waiting a wind, and intending to sail up to Norvasund, and then on to the land of Jerusalem, he dreamt a remarkable dream -- that there came to him a great and important man, but of a terrible appearance withal, who spoke to him, and told him to give up his purpose of proceeding to that land.
"Return back to thy udal, for thou shalt be king over Norway for ever." He interpreted this dream to mean that he should be king over the country, and his posterity after him for a long time.
18.FIFTEENTH BATTLE.
After this appearance to him he turned about, and came to Poitou, where he plundered and burnt a merchant town called Varrande.Of this Ottar speaks: --"Our young king, blythe and gay, Is foremost in the fray:
Poitou he plunders, Tuskland burns, --
He fights and wins where'er he turns."
And also Sigvat says: --
"The Norsemen's king is on his cruise, His blue steel staining, Rich booty gaining, And all men trembling at the news.
The Norsemen's kings up on the Loire:
Rich Partheney In ashes lay;
Far inland reached the Norsemen's spear."19.OF THE EARLS OF ROUEN.
King Olaf had been two summers and one winter in the west in Valland on this cruise; and thirteen years had now passed since the fall of King Olaf Trygvason.During this time earls had ruled over Norway; first Hakon's sons Eirik and Svein, and afterwards Eirik's sons Hakon and Svein.Hakon was a sister's son of King Canute, the son of Svein.During this time there were two earls in Valland, William and Robert; their father was Richard earl of Rouen.They ruled over Normandy.Their sister was Queen Emma, whom the English king Ethelred had married; and their sons were Edmund, Edward the Good, Edwy, and Edgar.