("Statistique de la Vienne，" by Cochon， préfet， year IX.) - At Niort， population 11，000， the annual mortality of the ten years preceding 1793 averaged 423， or 38 per thousand. In year II.， there are 1，872， or 170 per thousand inhabitants， the number being more than quadrupled. In year III.， there are 1，122 deaths， or 122， which is almost the triple. ('Statistique des Deux-Sèvres，" by Dupin， prefet， 2nd memorial， year IX.) - At Strasbourg， ("Recueil des Pièces Authentiques，" etc.， vol. I.， p.32， declaration of the Municipality，)"twice as many died last year (year II.) as during any of the preceding years." - According to these figures and the details we have read， the annual mortality during years II. and III. and most of year IV.， may be estimated as having increased one-half extra. Now， previous to 1789， according to Moheau and Necker， (Peuchet， "Statistique elementaire de la France，" 1805， p.239，) the yearly mortality in France was one person to every thirty， that is to say， 866，666 deaths to a population of 26 millions. One-half in addition to this for two and a half years gives， consequently， one million and eighty thousand deaths.
2nd . During the whole of the Directory episode， privation lasted and the rate of mortality rose very high， especially for sick children， the infirm and the aged， because the convention had confiscated the possessions of the hospitals and public charity was almost null. For example， at Lyons， "The Asylums having been deprived of sisters of charity during years II.， III. and IV.， and most of year V.， the children gathered into them could neither be fed nor suckled and the number that perished was frightful." ("Statistique du Rhone，" by Vernier， prefet， year X.) - In Necker's time， there were about eight hundred asylums， hospitals and charitable institutions， with one hundred thousand or one hundred and ten thousand inmates.
(Peuchet， ibid.， 256.) For lack of care and food they die in myriads， especially foundlings， the number of which increases enormously： in 1790， the figures do not exceed 23，000； in year IX.， the number surpasses 62，000， (Peuchet， 260)： "It is a 'perfect deluge，' " say the reports； in the department of Aisne， there are 1，097 instead of 400；in that of Lot-et-Garonne， fifteen hundred， (Statistiques des préfets de l'Aisne， Gers， Lot-et-Garonne)， and they are born only to die. In that of Eure， after a few months， it is six out of seven； at Lyons， 792 out of 820； (Statistique des Prefets du Rhone et de l'Eure). At Marseilles， it is ′600 out of 618； at Toulon， 101 out of 104； in the average， 19 out of 20. (Rocquam， "Etat de France au 18e Brumaire，"p.33. Report of Fran？ois de Nantes.) At Troyes， out of 164 brought in in year IV.， 134 die； out of 147 received in year VII.， 136 die.
(Albert Babeau， II.， 452.) At Paris， in year IV.， out of 3，122 infants received 2，907 perish. (Moniteur， year V.， No. 231.) - The sick perish the same. "At Toulon， only seven pounds of meat are given each day to eighty patients； I saw in the civil Asylum，" says Fran？ois de Nantes， "a woman who had just undergone a surgical operation to whom they gave for a restorative a dozen beans on a wooden platter."(Ibid.， 16， 31， and passim， especially for Bordeaux， Caen， Alen？on， St. L？， etc.) - As to beggars， these are innumerable： in year IX.， it is estimated that there are 3 or 4，000 by department， at least 300，000in France. "In the four Brittany departments one can truly say that a third of the population live at the expense of the other two-thirds， either by stealing from them or through compelling assistance."(Rocquain， "Report by Barbé-Marbois，" p.93.)3rd. In year IX.， the Consells-generaux are called upon to ascertain whether the departments have increased or diminished in population since 1789. ("Analyse des procés-verbaux des Conseils-Generaux de l'an XI." In four volumes.) Out of 58 which reply， 37 state that the population with them has diminished； 12， that it has increased； 9， that it remains stationary. Of the 22 others， 13 attribute the maintenance or increase of population， at least for the most part， to the multiplication of early marriages in order to avoid conscription and to the large number of natural children. - Consequently， the average rate of population is kept up not through preserving life， but through the substitution of new lives for the old ones that are sacrificed. Bordeaux， nevertheless， lost one-tenth of its population， Angers one-eighth， Pau one-seventh， Chambery one-fourth， Rennes one-third. In the departments where the civil-war was carried on， Argenton-Chateau lost two-thirds of its population， Bressuire fell from 3，000 to 630 inhabitants； Lyons， after the siege， fell from a population of 140，000 thousand to 80，000. ("Analyse des procés-verbaux des Conseils-Generaux" and Statistiques des Prefets.")[152] Lareveillère-Lepeaux， "Mémoires. " I， 248. (He belongs to the Committee and is an eye-witness.)BOOK FIFTH.The End of the Revolutionary Government.