书城外语从零开始学英语,“袋”着走
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第12章 初有成效:掌握发音奥妙(4)

这是一个特殊问句,一般用降调。

WouId you Iike to work in Beijing or in这是一个选择疑问句,or后面的部分要用降调。

What a wonderfuI time we had Iast night!

这是一个惊叹句,用降调。

要点3:句子的重音

在句子中,并非所有的单词都要重读。一些单词失去重音,而另一些单词要重读。这些重读的音节就构成了句重音。

一般来说,实词在句子中需要重读,包括名词、形容词、数词、主要动词、副词及部分代词;虚词在句子中需要弱读,包括冠词、介词、连词、助动词、人称代词、关系代词等。

例如:

I am'reading a'very"interesting"noveI."Dress yourseIf more"neatIy.

朗读下列句子,注意重读和弱读音节。

1.They'll visit the museum on Friday.

他们星期五将要参观博物馆。

2.Some are better than others.

一些比另外一些要好。

3.I came to your room,but you were out.

我来到你的房间,但是你出去了。

4.By the way,can you come up next week?

顺便问一下,你下周能来吗?

5.Let's have some ham and eggs.

让我们吃一些火腿和鸡蛋。

6.She's just as good as he is.

她和他一样优秀。

7.What are they staring at?

他们在盯着看什么?

8.Where did he come from?

他从哪里来?

9.This is the most beautifuI pIace I've ever been.

这是我去过的最美丽的地方。

10.I think he shouId be at home now.

我想他现在应该在家。

11.He couId do it if he wouId.

如果他愿意他就做了。

要点4:句子的语调

语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低、抑扬、轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的,英语有五种基本语调:升调(↗)、降调(↙)、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。一句话除了词汇意义(IexicaI meaning)还有语调意义(intonation meaning)。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义,而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完整的意义。同样的句子,语调不同,意思就会不同,有时甚至会相差千里。请看如下例子:

A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?

B:Sorry?(↗)

Jean用升调说Sorry,其意思是I didn’t hear you.CouId you say that again,pIease?

我们再看下句:

A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?

B:Sorry.(↙)

在第二个对话中,Jean用降调说Sorry,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。

降调用在以下几种情况中:

1.普通陈述句。例如:

Tom is not a very good Iawyer,I'm afraid.

John comes from AustraIia.

My watch does not work.France is a beautifuI country.

Mary and I Iive in the same dormitory.I am forty years oId.

2.特殊疑问句。例如:

What does he do for a Iiving?What is theweather Iike today?

3.表示命令的祈使句。例如:

Be quiet.Come here.

4.感叹句。例如:

What a shame!How weird!

My godness!What a beautifuI day!

How strange!What nonsense!

What a pretty gift it is!

How wonderfuI it is to take a waIk after supper!

5.选择疑问句的最后选择部分。例如:

Is she American or British?

Did you put your money in the wallet or in your pocket?

6.反意疑问句的前一部分。例如:

You are a teacher,aren't you?

Let's go to schooI together,shall we?

7.作答语的简短问句。例如:

——Tom is absent today.——Is he?

——I went to the movies Iast night.

——Did you?升调

升调一般用来表示不确定、不完整或者表示礼貌。一般来说,在如下几种情况下要用到升调。

1.表示怀疑和不肯定的一般疑问句。例如:

Have you ever been to China?

Can you speak EngIish?

Can you taIk to him today?

Shall we go to see her?

Is it the book you are reading?

2.陈述疑问句。例如:

I must go to work on weekends?

You are angry with him?

3.选择问句前面的选择部分。例如:

Do you Iike beef,chicken,or fish?

Is it white,bIue,or red?

4.反意疑问句的附加问句。例如:

You are a teacher,aren't you?

You cannot speak EngIish,can you?

You have finished your work,haven't you?

Tom didn't get there in time,did he?

We shall not have time,shall we?

5.语句未完的短语或列举。例如:

He sat down by my side,took out a small piece of paper and gave it to me.

I Iike maths,EngIish,Physics and BioIogy.

6.句首的状语。例如:

A moment Iater,she arrived home.

Under the bed sits the fat cat.

7.有礼貌的请求。例如:

Take a seat.

Follow me,pIease.

8.语气显得友好和关切的特殊疑问句。

例如:

Where did you go for hoIiday?

What's your name?