Amassian，V.E.，M.Somasunderinn，J.C.Rothswell，J.B.Crocco，P.J.Macabee，and B.L.Day.1991.Parasthesias are elicited by single pulse magnetic coil stimulation of motorcortex in susceptible humans.Brain 114：2505-2520.
Baars，B.J.1988.A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness.Cambridge，England：Cambridge University Press.
Barbur，J.L.，J.D.G.Watson，R.S.J.Frackowiak，and S.Zeki.1993.Conscious visual perception without VI.Brain 116：1293-1302.
Bellow，S.1987.More Die of Heartbreak.New York：Morrow.
Bennett，H.L.，H.S.Davis，and J.A.Giannini.1985.Nonverbal response to intraoperative conversation.British Journal of Anaesthesia 57：174-179.
Berger，H.1929.über das electrokephalogram des menschen，Archiv Psychiatrie u.Nervenkrankheit 87：527-570.
Berns，G.S.，J.D.Cohen，and M.A.Mintun.1997.Brain regions responsive to novelty in the absence of awareness.Science 276：1272-1275.
Bogen，J.E.1986.One brain，two brains，or both？Two hemispheres-one brain：functions of corpus callosum.Neurology & Neurobiology 17：21-34.
——.1995.On the neurophysiology of consciousness.I：An overview.Consciousness& Cognition 4（1）：52-62.
Bonke，B.，P.I.M.Schmitz，F.Verhage，and A.Zwaveling.1986.A clinical study of so-called unconscious perception during general anaesthesia.British Journal of Anaesthesia 58：957-964.
Bower，B.1999.Science News 156：280.
Buchner，H.，M.Fuchs，H.A.Wischmann，O.Dossel，I.Ludwig，A.Knepper，and P.Berg.1994.Source analysis of median nerve and finger stimulated somatosensory evoked potentials.Brain Topography 6（4）：299-310.
Buchner，H.，R.Gobbelé，M.Wagner，M.Fuchs，T.D.Waberski，and R.Beckmann.1997.Fast visual evoked potential input into human area V5.Neuroreport 8（11）：2419-2422.
Burns，B.D.1951.Some properties of isolated cerebral cortex in the unanesthetized cat.Journal of Physiology（London） 112：156-175.
——.1954.The production of after-bursts in isolated unanesthetized cerebral cortex.Journal of Physiology（London） 125：427-446.
Burns，J.1991.Does consciousness perform a function independently of the brain？Frontier Perspectives 2（1）：19-34.
Buser，P.1998.Cerveau de soi，cerveau de l'autre [One's brain and the brain of another].Paris：Odile Jacob，see pp.30-73.
Chalmers，D.J.1995.Facing up to the problem of consciousness.Journal of Consciousness Studies 2（3）：200-219.
——.1996.The Conscious Mind.New York：Oxford University Press.
Churchland，P.M.，and P.S.Churchland.1998.On the Contrary：Critical Essays，1987-1997.Cambridge，Mass.：MIT Press.
Churchland，P.S.1981.On the alleged backwards referral of experiences and its relevance to the mind-body problem.Philosophy of Science 48：165-181.
Chusid，J.G.，and J.J.MacDonald.1958.Correlative Neuro-anatomy and Functional Neurology.Los Altos，Calif.：Lange Medical Publishers，p.175.
Clark，R.E.，and L.R.Squire，1998.Classical conditioning and brain systems：the role of awareness.Science 280：77-81.
Cooper，D.A.1997.God Is a Verb：Kabbalah and the Practice of Mystical Judaism.New York：Penguin Putnam.
Crawford，B.H.1947.Visual adaptation in relation to brief conditioning stimuli.Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B（London） 134：283-302.
Crick，F.1994.The Astonishing Hypothesis.London：Simon and Schuster.
Crick，F.，and C.Koch.1998.Consciousness and neuroscience.Cerebral Cortex 8（2）：92-107.
Cushing，H.1909.A note upon the faradic stimulation of the postcentral gyrus in conscious patients.Brain 32：44-53.
Damasio，A.R.1994.Descartes'Error.New York：Penguin Putnam.
——.1997.Neuropsychology.Towards a neuropathology of emotion and mood.Nature 386（6627）：769-770.
——.1999.The Feeling of What Happens：Body and Emotions in the Making of Consciousness.New York：Harcourt Brace.
Del Guidice，E.1993.Coherence in condensed and living matter.Frontier Perspectives 3（2）：6-20.
Dember，W.N.，and D.G.Purcell.1967.Recovery of masked visual targets by inhibition of the masking stimulus.Science 157：1335-1336.
Dennett，D.C.1984.Elbow Room：The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting.Cambridge，Mass.：Bradford Books（MIT Press）.
——.1991.Consciousness Explained.Boston：Little，Brown and Company.
——.1993.Discussion in Libet，B.The neural time factor in conscious and unconscious events.In：Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Consciousness.
Ciba Foundation Symposium #174.Chichester，England：John Wiley and Sons.
Dennett，D.C.，and M.Kinsbourne.1992.Time and the observer：the where and when of consciousness in the brain.Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15：183-247.
Descartes，R.1644 [1972].Treatise of Man，trans.T.S.Hall.Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press.
Doty，R.W.1969.Electrical stimulation of the brain in behavioral cortex.Annual Reviews of Physiology 20：289-320.
——.1984.Some thoughts and some experiments on memory.In Neuropsychology of Memory，eds.L.R.Squire and N.Butters.New York：Guilford.
——.1998.Five mysteries of the mind，and their consequences.Neuropsychologia 36：1069-1076.
——.1999.Two brains，one person.Brain Research Bulletin 50：46.
Drachman，D.A.，and J.Arbit.1966.Memory and the hippocampal complex：is memory a multiple process？Archives of Neurology 15（1）：52-61.
Eccles，J.C.1966.Brain and Conscious Experience.New York：Springer-Verlag.
——.1990.A unitary hypothesis of mind-brain interaction in cerebral cortex.Proceedings of the Royal Society B（London） 240：433-451.
Echlin，F.A.，V.Arnett，and J.Zoll.1952.Paroxysmal high voltage discharges from isolated and partially isolated human and animal cerebral cortex.
Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology 4：147-164.
Edelman，G.M.，and V.B.Mountcastle，eds.1978.The Mindful Brain.Cambridge，Mass.：MIT Press.
Feinstein，B.，W.W.Alberts，E.W.Wright，Jr.，and G.Levin.1960.A stereotoxic technique in man allowing multiple spatial and temporal approaches to intracranial targets.Journal of Neurosurgery 117：708-720.
Feynman，R.1990.In：No Ordinary Genius，ed.C.Sykes.New York：W.W.Norton，p.252.
Franco，R.1989.Intuitive science.Nature 338：536.
Freud，S.1915 [1955].The Unconscious.London：Hogarth Press.
Gazzaniga，M.S.1998.Brain and conscious experience.Advances in Neurology 77：181-192，plus discussion on pp.192-193.
Goff，G.A.，Y.Matsumiya，T.Allison，and W.R.Goff.1977.The scalp topography of human somatosensory and auditory evoked potentials.Electroencephalography &Clinical Neurophysiology 42：57-76.
Goldberg，G.，and K.K.Bloom.1990.The alien hand sign：localization，lateralization and recovery.American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 69：228-230.
Goldring，S.，J.L.O'Leary，T.G.Holmes，and M.J.Jerva.1961.Direct response of isolated cerebral cortex of cat.Journal of Neurophysiology 24：633-650.
Gray，C.M.，and W.Singer.1989.Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，U.S.A.86：1698-1702.
Green，D.M.and J.A.Swets.1966.Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics.New York：John Wiley and Sons.
Grossman，R.G.1980.Are current concepts and methods in neuroscience adequate for studying the neural basis of consciousness and mental activity？In：Information Processing in the Nervous System，eds.H.H.Pinsker and W.D.Willis，Jr.New York：Raven Press，pp.331-338.
Haggard，P.，and M.Eimer.1999.On the relation between brain potentials and conscious awareness.Experimental Brain Research 126：128-133.
Haggard，P.，and B.Libet.2001.Conscious intention and brain activity.Journal of Consciousness Studies 8：47-64.
Halliday，A.M.，and R.Mingay.1961.Retroactive raising of a sensory threshold by a contralateral stimulus.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 13：1-11.
Hawking，S.1988.A Brief History of Time.New York：Bantam Books.
Hook，S.，ed.1960.Dimensions of Mind.Washington Square：New York University Press.
Hubel，D.H，and T.N.Wiesel.1962.Receptive fields，binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex.Journal of Physiology（London）160：106-134.
Ingvar，D.H.1955.Extraneuronal influences upon the electrical activity of isolated cortex following stimulation of the reticular activating system.Acta Physiologica Scand 33：169-193.
——.1979.Hyperfrontal distribution of the cerebral grey matter blood flow in resting wakefulness：on the functional anatomy of the conscious state.Acta Neurologica Scand.60：12-25.
——.1999.On volition：a neuro-physiologically oriented essay.In The Volitional Brain：Towards a Neuroscience of Free Will，eds.B.Libet，A.Freeman，and K.Sutherland.Thorverton：Imprint Academic，pp.1-10.
Ingvar，D.，and L.Phillipson.1977.Distribution of cerebral blood flow in the dominant hemisphere during motor ideation and motor performance.Annals of Neurology 2：230-237.
James，W.1890.The Principles of Psychology.New York：Dover.
Japenga，A.1999.Philosophy：the new therapy for 2000.USA Weekend，October 22-24.
Jasper，H.，and G.Bertrand.1966.Recording with micro-electrodes in stereotaxic surgery for Parkinson's disease.Journal of Neurosurgery 24：219-224.
Jeannerod，M.1997.The Cognitive Neuroscience of Action.Oxford：Blackwell.
Jensen，A.R.1979.“g”：outmoded theory of unconquered frontier.Creative Science and Technology 2：16-29.
Josephson，B.D.1993.Report on a symposium on reductionism in science and culture.Frontier Perspectives 3（2）：29-32.
Jung，R.，A.Hufschmidt，and W.Moschallski.1982.Slow brain potentials in writing：The correlation between writing hand and speech dominance in right-handed humans.Archiv fur Pschiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 232：305-324.
Kaufmann，W.1961.Faith of a Heretic.New York：Doubleday.
Keller，I.，and H.Heckhausen.1990.Readiness potentials preceding spontaneous acts：voluntary vs.involuntary control.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 76：351-361.
Kihlstrom，J.F.1984.Conscious，subconscious，unconscious：a cognitive perspective.In：The Unconscious Reconsidered，eds.K.S.Bowers and D.Meichenbaum.New York：John Wiley and Sons.
——.1993.The psychological unconscious and the self.In：Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Consciousness.Ciba Foundation Symposium #174.Chichester，England：John Wiley and Sons.
——.1996.Perception without awareness of what is perceived，learning without awareness of what is learned.In：The Science of Consciousness：Psychological，Neuropsychological，and Clinical Reviews，ed.M.Velmans.London：Routledge.
Koestler，A.1964.The Art of Creation.London：Picador Press.
Kornbuber，H.H.，and L.Deecke.1965.Hirnpotential ？n drungen bei Willkürbewegungen und passiven Bewegungen des Menschen：Bereitschaftpotential und reafferente potentiale.Pflügers Archiv 284：1-17.
Kristiansen，K.，and G.Courtois.1949.Rhythmic electrical activity from isolated cerebral cortex.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1：265-272.
Laplace，P.S.1914 [1951].A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities，trans.F.W.Truscott and F.I.Emory.New York：Dover.
Lassen，N.A.，and D.H.Ingvar.1961.The blood flow of the cerebral cortex determined by radioactive Krypton 85.Experientia17：42-43.
Libet，B.1965.Cortical activation in conscious and unconscious experience.Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 9：77-86.
——.1966.Brain stimulation and the threshold of conscious experience.In Brain and Conscious Experience，ed.J.C.Eccles.New York：Springer-Verlag，pp.165-181.
——.1973.Electrical stimulation of cortex in human subjects and conscious sensory aspects，In Handbook of Sensory Physiology，ed.A.Iggo.Berlin：Springer-Verlag，pp.743-790.
——.1980.Commentary on J.R.Searle's“Mind，Brains and Programs.”Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3：434.
——.1985.Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action.Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8：529-566.
——.1987.Consciousness：conscious，subjective experience.In：Encyclopedia of Neuroscience，ed.G.Adelman.Boston：Birkh？user，pp.271-275.
——.1989.Conscious subjective experience and unconscious mental functions：a theory of the cerebral processes involved.In：Models of Brain Function，ed.R.M.J.Cotterill.Cambridge，England：Cambridge University Press，pp.35-49.
——.1993a.Neurophysiology of Consciousness：Selected Papers and New Essays by Benj amin Libet.Boston：Birkh？user.
——.1993b.The neural time factor in conscious and unconscious events.In：Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Consciousness.Ciba Foundation Symposium #174.Chichester，England：John Wiley and Sons，pp.123-146.
——.1994.A testable field theory of mind-brain interaction.Journal of Consciousness Studies 1（1）：119-126.
——.1996.Solutions to the hard problem of consciousness.Journal of Consciousness Studies 3：33-35.
——.1997.Conscious mind as a force field：a reply to Lindhal & ？rhem.Journal of Theoretical Biology 185：137-138.
——.1999.Do we have free will？Journal of Consciousness Studies 6（8-9）：47-57.
——.2001.“Consciousness，free action and the brain”：commentary on John Searle's article.Journal of Consciousness Studies 8（8）：59-65.
——.2003.Timing of conscious experience：reply to the 2002 commentaries on Libet's findings.Consciousness and Cognition 12：321-331.
Libet，B.，W.W.Alberts，E.W.Wright，L.Delattre，G.Levin，and B.Feinstein.1964.Production of threshold levels of conscious sensation by electrical stimulation of human somatosensory cortex.Journal of Neurophysiology 27：546-578.
Libet，B.，W.W.Alberts，E.W.Wright，and B.Feinstein.1967.Responses of human somatosensory cortex to stimuli below threshold for conscious sensation.Science 158：1597-1600.
Libet，B.，D.K.Pearl，D.E.Morledge，C.A.Gleason，Y.Hosobuchi，and N.M.Barbaro.1991.Control of the transition from sensory detection to sensory awareness in man by the duration of a thalamic stimulus：the cerebral
“time-on”factor.Brain 114：1731-1757.